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Redtop (Belmont, Massachusetts)
Redtop – also spelled Red Top – is a historic Shingle Style house located at 90 Somerset Street, Belmont, Massachusetts. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with writer and literary critic William Dean Howells (1837–1920), a leading proponent of realism in literature. The Shingle Style house was designed by Howells' brother-in-law William Rutherford Mead, and served as the Howells' residence from its construction in 1877 to 1882.
==History==
The summer house was designed by William Rutherford Mead, brother of Mrs. (Elinor Mead) Howells,〔Lynn, Kenneth S. ''William Dean Howells: An American Life''. New York: Harcout Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1970: 193. ISBN 0-15-142177-3〕 and a partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & Bigelow. The following year Stanford White joined the firm, and it was renamed McKim, Mead & White. The house was originally roofed with red-stained wood shingles, hence the name "Redtop".〔Broderick, Mossette. ''Triumvirate: McKim, Mead & White: Art, Architecture, Scandal, and Class in America's Gilded Age''. Knopf Publishing Group, 2010: 47. ISBN 9780394536620〕 The family discarded other naming ideas including "Sub-Hub," "Monte Rose," "The Parlor Car," and "The Spindles."〔Goodman, Susan and Carl Dawson. ''William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005: 204. ISBN 0-520-23896-6〕 The owner of the new house was, in fact, Charles Fairchild (1838–1910), a Boston financier, who rented it to the Howellses. But it was designed from the start for the Howellses' taste, with Mead's partner, Charles Follen McKim becoming more and more involved. Construction began in 1877, and the Howellses moved in on July 8, 1878.〔Goodman, Susan and Carl Dawson. ''William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005: 205. ISBN 0-520-23896-6〕 By 1885, the Howellses had moved to Beacon Hill in Boston,〔Broderick, Mossette. ''Triumvirate: McKim, Mead & White: Art, Architecture, Scandal, and Class in America's Gilded Age''. Knopf Publishing Group, 2010: 48. ISBN 9780394536620〕 in part due to family illness, including that of Elinor Howells.〔Crowley, John W. ''The Dean of American Letters: The Late Career of William Dean Howells''. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999: 14. ISBN 1-55849-240-2〕
Howells experienced great literary success during his time at "Redtop." By the end of the 1880s, he had published nine novels, a novella, several magazine articles, and a few plays.〔Goodman, Susan and Carl Dawson. ''William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005: 253. ISBN 0-520-23896-6〕 At "Redtop," he worked in an elegant white-paneled study with a carved inglenook for naps. Here, he completed ''The Lady of The Aroostook'' (1879) and ''The Undiscovered Country'' (1880) and began writing ''A Woman's Reason'' (1883).〔 He began ''The Rise of Silas Lapham'' in England, and completed it in 1885 while living at 302 Beacon Street in Boston.〔Levine, Meriam. ''A Guide to Writers' Homes in New England''. Applewood Books, 1989: 178. ISBN 0918222516〕
Several other American authors visited "Redtop" during the period when the Howells family lived there. To judge from published letters, Mark Twain visited "Redtop" eight times. Other visitors included Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry James, and Charles Dudley Warner.〔Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. ''The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982: 27. ISBN 0-19-503186-5〕
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